Burner for gas heated radiators



May 14, 1935. w. T. RAscH BURNER FOR GAS HEATED RADIATORS Filed' sept. 9. 1930 /J ATTORNEY supply of gas to the Patented May 14, 1935 UNITED sra'rss BURNER FOR GAS HEATEDADIATORS William T. Rasch,

New York, N. Y., assignor to American Gas Products CorporatiomNeW York,

N. Y., a corporation of New York Application september 9, 1930', serial No. 480,764

claims. (c1. 15s-104) My invention relates to burners for gas heated radiators, and more particularly to a gas burner for use in the combustion chamber of such radiators.

The burner of my invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with radiators used for room heating purposes, it being constructed, and particularly adapted, for use in connection with steam or hot water radiators wherein the burner is automatically controlled by a thermostat or other suitable regulator controlled by conditions within the radiator.

The burner of the invention includes a single casting having what is known as a looped I mixing chamber providedvwith burner jet vopenings extending about the outer edge of the top of the burner upon both sides and across both ends thereof. The burner is provided with an integral distributing chamber communicating with the mixing chamber at a point remote from, and intermediate, the opposite ends thereof.

This distributing chamber is provided with an integral mixing tube having an enlarged bell shaped mouth adapted to be exposed through an opening in the wall of the combustion chamber in which the burner is located. 'Ihe mixing tube does not extend through, nor open directly into, the mixing chamber, the looped form of this chamber resulting in openings extending through the burner so as to ensure an adequate supply of secondary air upon both sides of each burner jet opening.

The mixing tube is so constructed as to secure a Venturi tube action, and the distributing chamfr, ber is' so positioned and located as to not only ensure a rapid distribution of the combustible mixture throughout the entire looped mixing chamber, but to secure an effective commingling of the gas and air prior to delivery Vto said chamber.

'Ihe formation and dimensions of the mixing chamber are such as to give it a variable capacity from adjacent the points of delivery of the-combustible mixture to adjacent the burner openings f most remote from this point of delivery.

Heretofore, in the operation of gas burners, a recognized drawback has been the inelfective propagation of name throughout the space above all of the jet openings of the burner, and my invention contemplates the provision, in the burner, of means which will ensure the discharge of the mixture throughout the entirey length of each side of the burner, substantially simultaneously, in volume sunicient to ensure the rapid propagation of ame about the entire burner top upon the application of a ame orvspark adjacent any portion of the burner.

A further object of `the invention is to so con-Y e struct the burner as to facilitate access to the jet nipple discharging into the mixing tube, for the purpose of cleaning, or of the substitution of a fresh tip according to The invention consists Referring to the drawing,

Fig` 1 is a front View of a steam radiator havingv applied thereto a burner embodying the invention,

the walls of the vouter housing and of the combus tionv chamberbeingbroken away;

- Fig.y 2 is aplan vview ofthe burner removed fromthe combustion chamber with parts thereof broken away;

Fig. 3 is a, side view thereof with a the side wall broken away; r i

Fig. 4 is an end view-of the combustion chamber illustrating the manner of connecting the burner withrthe source of gas supply j l' Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail section of the mouth of the mixing tube showing the detailed construction ofthe parts of the burner used in connecting same with the source of gas supply; and f f Fig.y 6 is an of Fig. 3.

Like numerals refer the several views. f

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, I0 indicates thek lower portion of a-steam radiator having a combustion chamber II. The crown of the combustion 'chamber is shown at I2. The casing surrounding the radiator is indicated at I3.

The burner of the invention includes a metal casting forming a substantially rectangular looped mixing chamber having side sections connected by end sections, a distributing chamber intermediate and remoterfromthe end sections, and a mixing tube dischargingl into said distributing chamber and passingunder one-of said end sections. l

The side sections of the burner casting are indicated at I 4 and I5 respectively, and the end sections at IB and I1. The portion of the casting forming the distributing chamber is indicated at I8, and the mixing tube at I9. B eyond the end section I'I. the mixing tube I9 islrovided with a bell shaped mouth adapted to receive the air shutter portion of enlarged section on the line 6--6 to likejparts `throughout the needs of the burner., in the novel features of construction and combination,ofparts'herein-A 2| which is separate from the mixing throughout terminate adjacent tube and adjustably mounted upon the gas supply pipe 22 carrying the gas jet nozzle, which latter is directed into the mouth 2D of the mixing tube.

As shown more particularly in Fig. 3, each side section of the mixing chamber is of progressively increasing depth toward a point of the burnermidwayr` betweenthe end. sectionsI I6 and I'I. T-his is indicated atl23-in.tlie drawing, K

and it is adjacent this point that the distributing chamber I8 discharges into each side section'oii the looped burner. This construction assures a gradually decreasing capacity chamber from a medial point-offthe burner toY wards the opposite end sections I 51 and, I-1/- which will ensure a more equal distribution offatle-gasi throughout the mixing chamber, not only, when the burner is first lit, but"sol`ongas 'the'burner is in operation. ,n It will be noted, by reference to Figs. 2 and 3, that' the' distributing" chamber I3; is; toward the ends thereof discharging* into the-sidesecti'ons` I 'el andl I5;l flared; in aJ manner 't'o` direeti thelfl'ow of' gas into the straight-awayr portionsl of the side sections;l and to iorsecuringv a thorough admixture offtlie gasand* primary# ain asitf emerges--'from the mixing tube and flows'e int'othe distributing chamber'.

vThe side Sectionssjl'a-ndf I5 'aref spacedv from each'x other inA al mannenl toflprovide" air' spaces" 24- and i 2 Ethroughthe burner vandiwithinlthe burner jet openings, throught. whicliiai-n may' circulate, so=that an`4 adequate? supplyo'f secondary` air" is provided" Yupon#V opposite" sides oiil the! burner jet openings throughout? the= looped1v mixing. chambercasing. In fact; the secondary; airlforl' the burner jetlopenings; as tortlie endisections I6 andf I'I thereof?, andi particularly-f aistoy the end; section. I6, is derived mainly from the centraliopenings' 24* and 25throughthe burnerrcasting;

The side sections I'4f; and I5; and tlie'endsec-y tions I6A and.' ITI.' aref`l each.v provided; withy ai. sequence ofi projecting? burner." jet.` openings 265 formed in nipplesazl extendingzfromsthe topA ofi the casting.A and communicating-With themixing chamber. Tl'i'e'z openingl is' shown` more Lpartiou.- larly' inf Fign; The?. openings:215` arei ordinarily. drilled intheV casting: and areofi a". sizeitol` secure the desired gas consumption.

Themse Lofi*nipples-:.214wfriicrnistamommonuse,

I has been found to possess the objectionable chart-'-l acteristic" that'l when flrsti lightingi the': burner there is an inadequate distributionl of .gasto the variousnipples,l sotthatftlre propagation ofame entire? areas. of the top.' ofi the' burner castingi is1slowg andthere isgduite frequently, a discharge' ofgasin smallivolumewhich isnotl promptlyi'gnited; thuslresulting in back'-l ring in the combustionl cliarnbenas` gas accu@ mulatesther'ein. l y

` To*avoidthisfcondition, I form; in'tl-'ieitop p1ateof4 the burner' casting; upwardlyprojectngfholllowribs 281, 25, 30 and 3'I' of 'ah'eig-ht.,approxLA imatingthat of theburnerfnippleS-ZM These ribs tlf-'1eh distributing--v olia'mberf I and; extendl closely adjacent tlieinipplesY 21.

Each of the ribs 23 to 3I has burner openings 3'2theretlirougl'i' so-arrangedaslt'o: secure a desi'redl distribution of:` the gas"y adjacent: the'vafri'ous burner'openings infeacl of'theside sections |43 and Iv5frorn1adjac`entl the" point ofi delivery: ofgasl to the-'mixing chamber beneath said burner-l Vopening'sfto adiacenti the"V endiseotionsli and I1'. l

V rThe channelwithiny tli'etiib'siZIV to 3'11 isioperry also secure alldaiiie efiecty downwardly and throughout its length is unobstructed so as to ensure a rapid now of gas throughout the entire length of each of the ribs as gas is delivered to the mixing chamber.

In view of the fact that the pressure of gas within the mixing chamber is, when the gas is rst turned on, at its maximum adjacent the distributing chamber. I 8, no-auxiliary;J gas jet. openingszareirequired adjacentthisA point?v since the discharge from the burner openings is adequate to: ensure the rapid ignition of the gas emitted therefrom. Toward the ends of the side sections Wand'L I5 theemission of gas is not so rapid, so fari as tluezburnerx openings are concerned, and

V iti isifor this reason that the ribs are disposed asishowniinlthedrawing. The purpose of the auxiliary burner openings in the ribs 23 to 3i is'toensure theV rapidconduction of gas throughout.-.the--entire length of the burner and its discharge adjacent the burner openings inA suincient"volumetoensure the-rapid propagation of flame throughout the 'entire YAlength of the burner andi avoid tlie accumulationv off gasasa result of unequal pressure conditions in different portions orV the mixing chamber when first lightingthe bur-ner,` and the-well known tendency of gasttresca'pein'Y small volume from the burner openingswitliout becomingf ignitedi The mix-ing tube-I 9 vis wconstricted adjacent the flared' or bell* shaped mouth 2'0, but isofil progressively iiflcreasingv dimensions'- toward the distributing" chamber I8; thussecuring a Venturi' ei'ct. f

G'ne" of the` diiii'cultiesofil connecting agas burner," of the type to wl`iichA the invention relates; to the-l source of gas supply-has' been the practice` of mounting thefair1 shutter upon the end ofthe-mixing tube. With-*this construction, the'r'nalring4 of. the gas-` connections has required theI use) ofvarious elbows; andV nipplesL and the taking'r down' off theI entire connection for the purpose of? cleaning the jet nipple' or Aoil replacing itlwheniit'i's clogged'l beyond lrepair.

In` the" burnen ofi the invention, instead ofl mounting `the airl shutter uponf thei mixing tube, I* mountittupon a nttingf carrying; the jet nozzle. fitting! is screw threaded upon anipple con-- nected. witlv the.l thermostat on ga's'r regulator by whichfthe'- supply` of" gas tol thef burner is: autornaticallycontrolled:v

The-bell shaped mouth'. 20E of; the. mixing tube has dimensions which will permit the .turning of the ttingf about'. the axisofi the nipple to which-itis screw'threaded; so'. that. byrv movement off' the". ain' lshutter mechanismt alongv the fitting, the, nttingrlmay be' tumed. so. as to: permit free acoe'ssito's-thenippleiwithoutL disturbing anyy of' the! connections;V of; the:v regulaton m'echanismf orf anyfotiiertpanrof the pipeline. 'f L f Referring more particularly to Fig. 50h-the. drawing; .tl'leairr shutten'l TI l is mountedrupon'screw threadsupornthezfittingtw forming: afpart of- 'tl'e gast supplyfline and#` carrying the,` gas jet The burner casting is mounted upon' the brackets 39 with the open, bell shaped mouthZ exposed through an opening in the wall of the combustion chamber, as shown more particularly in Fig. 1. y

The tting 22, with the gas jet nozzleSfisecured to interior screw threads in the end of this tting in the usual manner, is then brought to a position at right angles to the bell shaped mouth 2D and the air shutter adjusted along this fitting so as to be sumciently remote from the end of the fitting to permit the'tting to be turned by a wrench to accurately center the jet nozzle 3ft with the axis of the mixing tube I9. When said jet nozzle is accurately adjusted, the air shutter is merely turned upon the screw threads 33 until it abuts against the end of the mouth 2l] of the mixing tube. When so positioned, the lock nut 38 is tightened so as to hold the air shutter in the proper position.

If it be desired to have access to the jet nozzle 34 for any purpose, it is merely necessary to release the lock nut 38, move the air shutter away from the mixing tube and then turn the fitting 22 about the axis of the nipple 35, thus exposing the nozzle jet in a position where access may be conveniently had thereto. v

When lighting the burner, the gas supply is turned on by means of an ordinary gas-cock, and a mixture of gas and air is forcibly discharged into the mixing tube I9 and receives an accelerated rate of flow by reason of the Venturi eifect secured by the constriction of the tube. The mixture flows from the mixing tube I9, into the distributing chamber I8 and against the Wall of this chamber opposite the discharge end of the mixing tube. The impingement of the mixture against said wall not only gives the desired direction of flow to the gases, but imparts somewhat of a whirling action thereto which increases the effectiveness of the mixture as it is deliveredto the mixing chamber in the sides I4 and vI5 of the burner casting.

The pressure of gas is such as to ensure a fairly rapid ow of the gas through the burner nipples 2l, adjacent the distributing chamber I8, but-fat points in the mixing chamber more remote from the distributing chamber, the rate ofthe flow of the gases will, momentarily, be sufficiently lower than adjacent the distributing chamber to result in a slow emission of the gases which, under ordinary circumstances, results in a slow propagation of iiame about the burner.

However, the gases, as they flow from the dis- 1 tributing chamber I8, enter the channel formed upon the under side of the ribs 28 to 3l respectively and rapidly pass along the entire length of this channel in sufficient volume to ensure the escape of gases adjacent burner openings remote from the distributing chamber in sufficient volume to ensure their being rapidly ignited, so that with the accumulation of any substantial quantity of gas above any of the burner openings remote from said distributing chamber, these gases will be immediately ignited from the burner openings 32 in the various ribs 28 to 3l. The distribution of theopenings in these ribs is not for the purpose of developing heat during the operation of the burner, but merely for the purpose of ensuring, throughout the entire length of the burner` when rst firing same, gas in sufficient volume to ensure the quick ignition of gas at all the jet openings and avoid the accumulation of unignited gas in a manner which might result in explosions or backring.

' It will be notedthat while thenipples 2l and y the ribs 28 to 3| project from theburner top to substantially the same extent, the openings 26k ovv more rapidly through the short openings in the ribs thanit will through thelong openings in the nipples. j

` An `ample supply of secondary. air, by reason of the openings 24 and 25, centrally of the Width of the burner, aswell as the exposed sides of the burner, vensures high efciency in the burner. The progressively decreasing depth of the mixing chamber ensures a continued effective distribution of the gas throughoutthe burner loop. Notwithstanding the casting problems, the increased eiciencyof a burner embodying the invention is such as to justify the increased expense as compared with other types of burners.

In the foregoing specification the term distributing chamber has been used to indicate a chamber connecting opposite sides of a looped mixing chamber and connected substantially centrally thereof with a mixing tube in order to simultaneously deliver a combustible mixture to the opposite side sections of a looped burnersection. Y

The Aribs 28 to SI, with their jet openings 32, may be termed gas distributors since their function is merely to ensure an adequate volume of gas throughout the entire length of the burner when first ring same. These ribs in no sense act as a pilot light, but are more in the nature of'a priming device to ensure the presence of flaming gases adjacent the burner openings at a time when' the discharge of the combustible mixture'A through these` openings is not sufficient to ensure the ignition thereof.

It is notA my intention to limit the invention to the precise details of construction shown in the drawing, itbeing obvious that such lmay be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, iszf i l 1. A burner for gas heated radiators, embodying therein means forming a looped mixing chamber having nipples projecting from the top thereof along one edge. of the opposite sides and the opposite ends thereof; said nipples having burner openings therethrough, a distributing chamber communicating with opposite sides of said mixing chamber between and remote from the ends thereof, hollow ribs projecting from the top of opposite sides of said mixing charnber adjacent said nipples and extending from points adjacent said distributing chamber to adjacent the opposite ends of said mixing chamber, said ribs having openings therethrough remote from said distributing chamber, and a mixing tube discharging into said distributing chamber, an air shutter mounted adjacent lthe mouth of said mixing tube and a fitting carrying a jet nozzle projecting from said air shutter and discharging into said tube.

2. A burner for gas heated radiators, embodying therein means forming a looped mixing chamber having nipples projecting from the top thereof along one edge of the opposite sides and the opposite ends thereof, said nipples having burner" openings therethrough a 'distributing chamber extending fromi one-f side of: said: mixing: chamber: to the other side thereof;` bei tween and remote from the` ends: of. said' mixing; chamber', hollow ribs projecting;` from. the: top: of` opposite sides of said mixingrchamber; adja. centv said: nipples and: extending-1 from points: ad jacent .said distributing. chamberto adjacent. they opposite ends of.' said mixing chamber, said ribs having openings. therethrough remote from saidf distributing chamber, and a mixingntubefextendeing fromxsaidf distributing chamber betweerrthe sidesofsaidx mixing: chamber; whereby5 aL combus-` tible mixture flowing through: said tube` will: be.

- directed by. the'wall off said distributingchamber into the opposite sidesof the mixing-schamber, said mixing` tube having anbell shaped". mouth, a= constricted portion. adj aoent;` saidl` mouth and: progressively' increased dimensions toward: said distributing. chamber, an air. shutter mountedi adjacent the-mouth of: said mixing tube and; af fitting: carrying a j etf nozzle projecting through.v said air shutter and discharging into.said1 tube.

3. A burner for gas heated radiators, embody ing .therein meansforming'a looped mixing. cham'- ber having', nipples projecting'Y from the top.- thereof. along one edge of theopposite. sidesfand thel oppositev ends thereof, said' nipples: having, burner openings therethrough. as distributing i chamber extending from one side of said mixing nipples and extending from pointsadjacentsaid distributingchamberto adjacent the opposite ends of said mixing chamber,y said ribs having. openings. therethrough. remote. from. said. di'stributing. chamber, and a. mixing tube extending from said distributing chamberbetweenthe sides of' said mixing chamber, wherebya combustible mixture flowing. through said tube Will'be directed by the wall oiA said distributing chamber into the opposite 'sides of Athe mixing chamber, `said mixing. tube' having aA belli shaped mouth, aconstricted portion adjacent; said mouth` andf pro gressively increased dimensions toward said dis'- tributing chmber, an elb'ow-v tting supported byl means of` screw' threadsfrom a nipple: cone nected with the source of supply of' gas,.an` air. shutter adjustably mounted upon'l saidi fitting, a jet'nozzl'e carried by said itting and adaptedto be positioned within the mouthv of said: mixing tube, and meanswhereby said?. airshutterfmay i be adjusted uponsaid fitting towardzor from the mouth'- of said tube.

4l'. Av burner for gas' heatedradiatora. em.-4

tributing chamber.

zooncox/ botlyingthereinimea'nsformingl a loopedA mixing chambenhaving vnipples projecting from adjacent. the outer edge of the top .along the" opposite sidesand` the:` opposite ,ends thereof, said nipples.

vhaving burner openings therethmugh,v a. disv tributingA chamber communicating with oppositef sides4 of said mixing chamberv between and-A remjoteffrom' thegen'ds thereof; the sides of; saidmixing chamber being spaced in relation: to.- each other and the ends thereof being; spaced from: saidrdistributing. chamber, whereby openingsarerformed through the burner for the. ad-v missionof. secondary air, hollow ribs projecting:l fromthe:y topf ofoppositer sides of saidmixing chamber between` said .nipples andthe openings between the-` sides cfsaid mixing chamber and extending fromadjacentsaid distributing: cham-- ber toadja-cent the' opposite ends of said mixing; chamber, .saidribs having openings therethrough remote from said distributing chamber, and. a` mixing. tubev discharging into said distributing cha.mb :r,.any air shuttermounted. adjacent the mouth-of'saidmixing tube and afitting carrying a, jet: nozzle .projecting :from said air shutter andl discharging. into" saidtube.

5; A- burner for gas heated radiators embody.- ing therein a continuous looped rmember forming, a' mixing cha-mber having substantially parallel side sections and substantially parallel. endv sections, adistributing chamber intermediate'and remote from. the end sections communicating with: saidL side sections respectively, the portions offthemixing chamber Within said side sections being ofi progressively increasing. depth from each` endsection toa-.point adjacent said distributing chamber, and the portions; ofv themixing chamber Withinfsaidendsections beingof substantially. the same capacity as the smallest. portionlof. the mix-ing chamber in said side sections, a. sequence of' nipples extending from-*the top ofsaid side and. said? end y sectionsrespectively and having iet openings passing` therethrough communicating with said mixing chamber, a mixing tube passing under one end of said` mixing chamber andl discharging into.v said. distributing chamber, each mixing chamber having hollow ribs which.` extend'froma point adjacent the-connection tdthe distributing chamber to adjacent the end.y sections; saidribs being of. substantially the. same heightas,` and closely adjacent saidV nipples, each off said. ribs having. openings therethrough com.- municating with saidmixingY chamber adjacent all of said openings, whereby the. combustible mixture in.y said mixing chamber. is. delivered ad'- jacent-bur-ner: openings remote from.. said. dis- 

